Microscopic classification

Microscopes can be classified into polarizing microscope, optical microscope, electron microscope, Digital microscope, etc

Polarizing microscope is a type of microscope used to study so-called transparent and opaque anisotropic materials, and has important applications in science and engineering majors such as geology. Any substance with birefringence can be clearly distinguished under a polarizing microscope. Of course, these substances can also be observed using staining, but some are not available and must be observed using a polarizing microscope. Reflective polarizing microscope is an essential instrument for studying and identifying substances with birefringence using the polarization characteristics of light. It can be used by users for single polarized light observation, orthogonal polarized light observation, and cone light observation.

Optical microscopes are usually composed of optical parts, lighting parts, and mechanical parts. Undoubtedly, the optical part is the most crucial, consisting of an eyepiece and an objective lens. As early as 1590, eyewear manufacturers in the Netherlands and Italy had already created magnifying instruments similar to microscopes. There are many kinds of optical microscopes, including light field microscope (ordinary optical microscope), dark field microscope, fluorescence microscope, phase contrast microscope, laser scanning Confocal microscopy, polarizing microscope, differential interference microscope, and inverted microscope.

Electronic microscopes have basic structural features similar to optical microscopes, but they have much higher magnification and resolution abilities for objects than optical microscopes. They use electron flow as a new light source to image objects. Since Ruska invented the first Transmission electron microscopy in 1938, in addition to the continuous improvement of the performance of the transmission electron microscope, many other types of electron microscopes have also been developed. Such as scanning electron microscopy, analytical electron microscopy, ultra-high pressure electron microscopy, etc. By combining various electron microscopy sample preparation techniques, in-depth research can be conducted on the structure or relationship between structure and function of the samples in various aspects. Microscopes are used to observe images of small objects. Commonly used for observation of biology, medicine, and small particles. An electron microscope can magnify objects up to 2 million times.

Desktop microscopes, mainly referring to traditional microscopes, are purely optical magnifiers with high magnification and good imaging quality. However, they are generally large and not easy to move, and are often used in laboratories, making it inconvenient to go out or conduct on-site inspections.